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This book chapter delves into the intersectional cultural dimensions of COVID-19 and explores how pandemics expose and amplify past and current health inequities and disparities for minoritized women. In this chapter, the authors question how gender reflects and intersects with health determinants of oppressed and privileged identities to produce disparate health outcomes, affecting discourse, ideologies, and women's activity as they age. Additionally, issues of racism, classism, ageism, and other "isms" are examined to understand the challenges faced by aging women as they strive to stay healthy. The chapter concludes with case story narratives of women diagnosed with COVID-19, showing the virus' effect on marginalized women aging within a stratified society. © The Author(s), under exclusive license to Springer Nature Switzerland AG 2023. All rights reserved.
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The duel systemic societal harms of the COVID-19 pandemic and violent racial injustice have reexposed centuries-long oppression and violence that affects Black people in the United States. These systemic harms, however, are not unilaterally distributed across racial lines, as Black women and girls endure intersectional oppression, including the unique amalgamation of racism and sexism. It is within these interlocking oppressions that sexual abuse flourishes. This chapter opens with critical visioning regarding how we understand inequality in social justice movements. It introduces scholarship on anti-Black racism, intersectional oppression, and Crenshaw's (1991) theories of intersectionality to frame the contextually oppressive experiences of Black women and girls. The chapter provides an application for examining intersectionality within the field of psychology. It details what such intersectional oppression can actually look like in the lives of Black women and girls. Finally, the chapter closes with summary bullet points of the main takeaway messages. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Background: Gender discrimination among healthcare workers (HCWs) negatively impacts their mental health and career development; however, few studies have explored how experiences of gender discrimination change during times of health system strain. Methods: This survey-based study assesses the associations between gender discrimination and four stress-related mental health outcomes (posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout), as well as the qualitative experiences of gender discrimination in healthcare during the COVID-19 pandemic. Results: Among women, increased gender discrimination was associated with heightened symptoms of posttraumatic stress, depression, anxiety, and burnout after adjusting for demographics and pandemic-related stressors; however, among men, increased gender discrimination was only associated with heightened symptoms of depression. Using thematic analysis, we identified five themes that describe experiences of gender discrimination faced by women in healthcare, including differential valuing of work and contributions, gendered roles and assumptions about roles, maternal discrimination, objectification, and "old boys club." We also identified two themes describing how men perceived gender discrimination, including instances of symbolic discrimination and woman provider preference. Conclusion: These findings suggest that experiences of gender discrimination persist during times of health system strain and negatively impact women HCWs' mental health.
Subject(s)
COVID-19 , Mental Health , Male , Humans , Female , Sexism , Pandemics , COVID-19/epidemiology , Anxiety , Health Personnel , DepressionABSTRACT
El objetivo del artículo es analizar, desde la perspectiva de género, la incidencia de la masculinidad hegemónica y los roles de género estereotipados en la armonía familiar en la Zona Metropolitana de Puebla-Tlaxcala (ZMTP), donde se reporta un incremento de violencia durante el confinamiento por Covid-19 como resultado del reparto desigual en los quehaceres domésticos y el machismo en México. Es una investigación cualitativa donde se empleó el método de encuesta telefónica y descriptivo-exploratorio. Al final del trabajo, se evidencia que las tradiciones culturales y la normalización de la dominación masculina impiden la erradicación de los abusos en el hogar.Alternate :The objective of the article is to analyze, from the gender perspective, the incidence of hegemonic masculinity and stereotyped gender roles in family harmony where it refers to an increase in violence during confinement by Covid-19 in the Metropolitan Area Puebla-Tlaxcala (ZMTP) as a result of the unequal distribution of domestic chores and sexism in Mexico. It is a qualitative investigation where the method of telephone and descriptive-exploratory survey was used. At the end of the work, it shows that cultural traditions and the normalization of male domination prevent the eradication of abuse in the home.
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Recently, the COVID-19 lockdown has created many issues for the world's mental health that need a foremost solution and researchers' attention. Thus, the current article analyzes the impact of COVID-19 anxiety on the mental health of Jordan's ideological and political education system. The article also investigates the moderating role of ambivalent sexism and unconscious bias among COVID-19 anxiety and mental health in Jordan's ideological and political education system. The article has applied questionnaires, the primary data collection method, to collect the data from chosen respondents. The data was collected from a population of 5346 college and university students enrolled in Jordan under political and ideological education programs. A sample size of 356 was finally obtained for this research via a self-reported survey. The article has also applied the SPSS-AMOS to check the items and variables' reliability and validity and investigated the association among understudy variables. The results revealed that COVID-19 anxiety has a negative and significant linkage with the mental health of Jordan's ideological and political education system. The findings also revealed that ambivalent sexism and unconscious bias significantly moderated the relationship between COVID-19 anxiety and mental health in Jordan's ideological and political education system. The study is unique in addressing this sensitive issue in the cultural environment of GCC countries. Specifically, studies on such topics are very rare in a setting like Jordan. This study provides guidelines to the policy-establishing authorities on developing policies to improve students' mental health by eliminating COVID-19 anxiety. © (2023). All Rights Reserved.
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Research has documented the negative mental health outcomes that anti-Black racism and cissexism, respectively, have had on Black and trans and gender-diverse (TGD) people during the COVID-19 pandemic. This research, however, has yet to explore the intersectional experiences of Black TGD young adults. Additionally, research has found that activists are often exposed to violence and discrimination. In this study, we aimed to understand how the intersection of anti-Black racism and cissexism has impacted young Black TGD activists' well-being during the COVID-19 pandemic. A community sample of 15 Black TGD young adults participated in semistructured interviews. Thematic analysis revealed five themes and 14 subthemes, including (a) witnessing and experiencing violence (everyday violence, political violence, police violence, and medical violence, (b) motivating and sparking activism, (c) emotional impact (fear and anxiety, symptoms of depression, anger and frustration, and overwhelmed and shocked), (d) coping with violence and COVID-19 pandemic (activism, community connections and support, setting boundaries, self-reflection, positivity and hope, and activities and hobbies), and (e) safety precautions. We provide implications for practitioners working with young Black TGD activists such as engaging in civil disobedience within the bounds of their ethical duties. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved) Impact Statement Little is known about the intersectional experiences of young Black TGD activists and the impact of anti-Black racism and cissexism on the well-being of this community during the COVID-19 pandemic. The current study explores the impact that anti-Black racism and cissexism have had in a community sample of 15 young Black TGD activists during the COVID-19 pandemic. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to show the potential of international human rights law to raise awareness of the international community about ageism and its three aspects – old age discrimination, stereotyping and prejudices against older persons. The author evaluates the ability of international human rights law to encourage states to take action against these phenomena and looks for new solutions. The author also intends to examine if there are international law instruments compelling states to reject stereotypes and prejudices on older persons if there is no treaty devoted to them.Design/methodology/approachThe author applies methods relevant to legal science. The core human rights treaties, soft law documents and activities of human rights bodies are selected, analysed and interpreted.FindingsThe core human rights treaties require going beyond their literal interpretation to observe older persons' rights. States should interpret them in good faith, relying on the ageing mainstreaming approach. Instruction to states on how to do so lies in the soft law and output of the international human rights bodies. However, there is also room for improvement. Therefore, the author proposes adopting a targeted resolution on counteracting ageism and its components, updating positions by international treaty bodies, and involving various human rights procedures and specialised agencies in the fight against intangible dimensions of ageism.Originality/valueIt is the first study analysing awareness about stereotyping and prejudices against older persons from international human rights law. The author indicates untapped possibilities of the fight against ageism and its intangible dimensions under international law.
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At the time of writing this article, in the midst of the COVID-19 pandemic, its toll on women is becoming increasingly evident. Women face severe limitations in their access to reproductive healthcare and rights (in Poland, through the recent Supreme Court decision), and domestic violence has increased, as has inequality in household duties. These outcomes do not develop out of the blue. Recently, the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP, 2020) released a report stating that 90% of the global population shows at least some bias against gender equality. Therefore, the pandemic situation seems only to amplify and uncover tendencies that have already been present. With this global perspective in mind, I would like to zoom in on the scientific community and even more narrowly on the community of social scientists. Why? The aforementioned ubiquity of gender bias shows that it is deep-rooted in society, and every social stratum has its own way of mirroring global trends and enacting these tendencies. In this short commentary accompanying a publication regarding yet another subtle gender bias in academia, I would like to emphasize why documenting every bias counts and that the change in global trends in gender equality will not happen without transforming our own (or every) field. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2023 APA, all rights reserved)
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Since the COVID-19 pandemic, studies have emerged to address either racism or women's issues. Studies that address the intersection of pandemic racism and sexism are lacking and the experiences of Asian women have been neglected. Drawing on interviews with 20 Asian women living in Victoria, Australia, this article aims to bridge the gap between studies of pandemic racism and the issues women faced during the pandemic. The article's intervention is threefold, we ask: first, how have Asian women in Australia experienced racism? Second, how have their experiences of racism intersected with sexism? Third, how do they make sense of their experiences and thoughts about the future? Our analysis argues three points: first, the lack of attention to Asian women's experiences of racism obscures the fact that Asian women can encounter racism more than their male counterparts. Second, the lack of attention to how sexism intersects with Asian women's experiences of racism causes them the inability to make sense of their experiences and prevents them from stopping mistreatment. Third, participants' reflections show that there is potential for women of colour in general to form coalitions based on sharing intersectionality and offer valuable insights for feminist and antiracist studies and initiatives. © The Author(s) 2023.
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Using a large-scale corpus of 706 coronavirus cartoons by male and female Arab artists, this study takes a fresh and more cognitive look at sexism in multimodal discourse. Specifically, it examines the role of salience and grammar (and hence of metaphor and metonymy) in gender bias and/or in discrimination against women. It argues that both men and women are vulnerable to the influence of stereotypical and outdated beliefs that create unconscious bias. But this raises the crucial issue of whether we can speak of 'overt' sexism in images. Issues around terminology and conceptualization are thus also investigated. Importantly, this paper makes the following contributions to feminist and cross-cultural pragmatics: (i) it brings a distinctly Arabic perspective to gender and language;(ii) it expands socio-cognitive pragmatics beyond spoken and written communication;(iii) it shows a close coupling between an Arabic grammar and other aspects of culture;and (iv) it has the potential for impact beyond academia, specifically in the sphere of coronavirus care or of health communication. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Discourse & Society is the property of Sage Publications, Ltd. and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Amid the 2020 COVID pandemic and officer-involved deaths of numerous Black Americans, US colleges and universities stated commitments to improve ethnoracial diversity and address structural racism. This type of diversity-related work, which fell mostly upon faculty of colour, was not new, however. In 1994, Padilla coined the term "cultural taxation” to describe the disproportionate labour faculty of colour are expected to perform. Hirshfield and Joseph expanded on this work by developing the term "identity taxation” to emphasize labour performed by faculty from marginalized groups because of their intersectional identities. Scholarship about these concepts has since proliferated. This special issue brings together a diverse group of scholars studying these topics to spark much needed structural change through providing: 1) additional terminology describing nuances of identity taxation;2) empirical insights about identity taxation for groups not previously examined;and 3) recommendations for resistance and advocacy to change inequitable practices.
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The ongoing COVID‐19 pandemic has exacerbated existing inequalities and inequities. Injustices within the labor market mean that the lives particularly of women of color have been negatively affected by the crisis in multiple ways. Guided by standpoint epistemology, we take an intersectional approach and use autoethnographic methods in which we draw on our personal experiences within the United Kingdom's higher education institutions during the pandemic. We illustrate how institutional decisions, approaches, and policies enacted in the wake of COVID‐19 exacerbate inequalities and inequities. Three themes stand out from our experiences: (1) meritocracy and the problem of cumulative (dis)advantage, (2) the lack of racial awareness in management decisions, and (3) the operations of power and silencing. We show that universities justify decisions by deploying discourses of meritocracy and ignoring context and the ways women of color staff are persistently disadvantaged due to structural racism and sexism. We find that universities are likely to indicate that their response policies treat all staff absolutely equally without candidly assessing the intersectional impacts of the pandemic on minority staff, which consequently prevent the achievement of equity. We also describe the ways in which the pandemic exposes cultures of institutional silence and silencing when women of color speak up. We conclude with glimpses of hope for resisting the downward pressures of the pandemic crisis toward cultivating more equitable futures.
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Amid the 2020 COVID pandemic and officer-involved deaths of numerous Black Americans, US colleges and universities stated commitments to improve ethnoracial diversity and address structural racism. This type of diversity-related work, which fell mostly upon faculty of colour, was not new, however. In 1994, Padilla coined the term "cultural taxation” to describe the disproportionate labour faculty of colour are expected to perform. Hirshfield and Joseph expanded on this work by developing the term "identity taxation” to emphasize labour performed by faculty from marginalized groups because of their intersectional identities. Scholarship about these concepts has since proliferated. This special issue brings together a diverse group of scholars studying these topics to spark much needed structural change through providing: 1) additional terminology describing nuances of identity taxation;2) empirical insights about identity taxation for groups not previously examined;and 3) recommendations for resistance and advocacy to change inequitable practices. © 2023 Informa UK Limited, trading as Taylor & Francis Group.
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Amid the 2020 COVID pandemic and officer-involved deaths of numerous Black Americans, US colleges and universities stated commitments to improve ethnoracial diversity and address structural racism. This type of diversity-related work, which fell mostly upon faculty of colour, was not new, however. In 1994, Padilla coined the term "cultural taxation" to describe the disproportionate labour faculty of colour are expected to perform. Hirshfield and Joseph expanded on this work by developing the term "identity taxation" to emphasize labour performed by faculty from marginalized groups because of their intersectional identities. Scholarship about these concepts has since proliferated. This special issue brings together a diverse group of scholars studying these topics to spark much needed structural change through providing: 1) additional terminology describing nuances of identity taxation;2) empirical insights about identity taxation for groups not previously examined;and 3) recommendations for resistance and advocacy to change inequitable practices.
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Los medios de comunicación, al ser un factor significativo que influye en la audiencia, forman estereotipos de vejez en la conciencia de las masas y determinan patrones de comportamiento en relación con los ancianos. El propósito de esta investigación es identificar tendencias significativas en el contenido de noticias en Ucrania, incluida la identificación de características específicas de la discriminación por envejecimiento gerontológico, identificar prácticas discriminatorias e identificar componentes gerontofóbicos de la imagen mediática del jubilado. El estudio ha identificado las especificidades de la discriminación por edad en los medios ucranianos, en particular su naturaleza institucional, la presencia de formas abiertas y latentes. Se ha comprobado que los medios de comunicación promueven exclusiones por edad - proceso de alienación de la vida social y económica, reducción de roles sociales mediante prácticas discriminatorias de biomedicalización, marginación, invisibilización, infantilización, deshumanización, banalización y clientelismo. El análisis de contenido de las noticias ha permitido construir una imagen mediática gerontofóbica de las personas mayores de 60 años, cuyo núcleo es el signo de la víctima, el centro - el delincuente, la agresión, la periferia cercana - la pobreza, la falta de atractivo, la insuficiencia, la desorientación en el espacio, descuido, corrupción;periferia lejana - egoísmo, debilidad, soledad, frugalidad hipertrofiada. La investigación ha constatado que no se trata solo de un problema de gerontofobia, sino del país en su conjunto, pues los medios de comunicación, por un lado, difunden lo que ocurre en la sociedad, y por otro, determinan qué estereotipo de vejez es cultivado en la conciencia de las masas por los medios ucranianos.Alternate :The mass media, being a significant factor influencing the audience, form stereotypes of old age in the mass consciousness and determine behavioral patterns in relation to the elderly. The purpose of this investigation is to identify significant trends in news content in Ukraine, including the identification of specific features of gerontological ageism, to identify discriminatory practices and to identify gerontophobic components of the media image of the retiree. The study has identified the specifics of ageism in the Ukrainian media, in particular its institutional nature, the presence of open and latent forms. It has been proved that the media promote age exclusions - the process of alienation from social and economic life, reduction of social roles using discriminatory practices of biomedicalization, marginalization, invisibilization, infantilization, dehumanization, trivialization, and patronage. Content analysis of news has allowed to construct a gerontophobic media image of people aged 60+, the core of which is the sign of the victim, the center - the offender, aggression, the near periphery - poverty, unattractiveness, inadequacy, disorientation in space, carelessness, corruption;distant periphery - selfishness, weakness, loneliness, hypertrophied thrift. The investigation has found that this is not only a problem of gerontophobia, but also in the country as a whole, because the media, on the one hand, spread what is happening in society, and on the other, determine what stereotype of old age is cultivated in mass consciousness by the Ukrainian media.
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Since the COVID-19 pandemic began, extensive research has been done on how the pandemic has been metaphorised. However, little research has focused on how the pandemic is associated with the depiction of gender relations in political cartoons. Therefore, this study showcases sexism and gender relations by examining how both gender and gender relationships have been expressed metaphorically. It draws on conceptual metaphor theory as well as concepts related to visual metaphors in multimodal discourse, covert sexism, and dehumanisation to analyse a corpus of 100 Arabic cartoons depicting men and women alone and as couples that were published during the COVID-19 pandemic. The results demonstrate that typo-pictorial metaphors and those related to body modification, dehumanisation, and the coronavirus are associated with prevalent covert sexism during the pandemic. In short, the findings suggest that COVID-19 has contributed to how women in relationships have been negatively portrayed in Arabic political cartoons. In terms of theoretical implications, the study results show that a more general theory of multimodal sexism in political cartoons should be used to address various types of identifiable sexism in multimodal contexts;this approach is useful for both multimodal scholars and discourse analysts in various disciplines. © 2022 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston.
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Background and objective: Globally, men are at greater risk of mortality and serious physical consequences from COVID-19 infection than women, but are less impacted by the pandemic’s impact on labor force par-ticipation and increased childcare responsibilities. Outside of gender identity, however, it is unclear whether men’s beliefs about gender may be related to the kinds of COVID-19-related impacts they report. This study sought to describe the employment, income, and household responsibility-related impacts of the pandemic on a sample of young men in the U.S. and to examine relationships between the men’s gender ideologies and attitudes toward gender equity with self-reported stress impacts of the pandemic. Methods: The data are from an online survey of 481 young men from across the U.S. Measures included scales assessing masculinity ideology, modern sexism, support for traditional divisions of labor by gender, and attitudes toward gender equity. New items developed for this study assessed COVID-19-related changes in employment, household responsibilities, and childcare duties as well as levels of stress. Hierarchical regression examined the relative roles of demographic characteristics, changes in employment and household work, and gender-related attitudes on COVID-related stress. Results: Descriptive findings showed that under 50% of the men in the sample experienced negative COVID-related impacts on employment, but that a majority of the men reported at least some COVID-related stress. Results of the hierarchical regression suggest that higher levels of stress were predicted by having a minori-tized sexual identity, less religiosity, experiencing employment or household responsibility-related changes, and not endorsing modern sexism or a traditional, gendered division of labor. Conclusions: Experiencing COVID-19-related stress was normative in this sample of young men. However, endorsing traditional notions of a gendered division of labor was slightly protective against higher levels of COVID-related stress. These findings add to existing evidence that gender analysis must be a central compo-nent of ongoing COVID-related policy and programming development. © Erin AC, et al.
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Almost 50 years ago, Edward Said wrote on ‘the other’ in relation to race and gender in his path-breaking book Orientalism (1978). While much has evolved around notions of gendered and racialised otherness since then, Said’s conceptualisation still resonates today. Our paper reports on a 2020/2021 survey of Women of Colour in the Australian workplace. The survey was conducted during the pandemic by Women of Colour Australia, a not-for-profit group, working with the lead author. We focus on the qualitative answers from participants, many of which detail sometimes painful and extremely personal workplace experiences. More than 500 Women of Colour, including seven per cent who were Aboriginal and Torres Strait Islander, completed the survey. Sixty per cent said they had experienced discrimination in the workplace, despite 59 per cent of participants saying their workplace had a Diversity and Inclusion policy. Participants had to ‘perform’ their identities whilst being subjected to intersectional issues of racism and sexism, some of which the pandemic exacerbated. Our paper describes the harmful ramifications of gendered othering of Women of Colour for Australian organisations and society in the years of the pandemic. [ FROM AUTHOR] Copyright of Journal of Intercultural Studies is the property of Routledge and its content may not be copied or emailed to multiple sites or posted to a listserv without the copyright holder's express written permission. However, users may print, download, or email articles for individual use. This may be abridged. No warranty is given about the accuracy of the copy. Users should refer to the original published version of the material for the full . (Copyright applies to all s.)
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Copacabana treats Valerie Solanas' 1967 SCUM Manifesto as "occupying a position that is both fascinating and disturbing--like so many manifestos of the male avant-garde tradition that came before it." Solanas wrote the SCUM Manifesto as a parody that, using the vernacular of her epoch, mocks popular, sexist, and heterocentric thinking about gender and sexuality of the time, upon reading it "everyone freaked out, because when we talk about men the same way men have talked about women for centuries, it reads as grotesque and insanely violent, un-compassionate, and shocking"--which was exactly the point of Solanas' intervention.